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Linux:Linux 基础:如何在Ubuntu上检查一个软件包是否安装

Linux:Linux 基础:如何在Ubuntu上检查一个软件包是否安装
Linux:Linux 基础:如何在Ubuntu上检查一个软件包是否安装

如果你正在管理Debian或者Ubuntu服务器,你也许会经常使用dpkg 或者 apt-get命令。这两个命令用来安装、卸载和更新包。

在本篇中,让我们看下如何在基于DEB的系统下检查是否安装了一个包。

要检查特定的包,比如firefox是否安装了,使用这个命令:

dpkg -s firefox

示例输出:

 Package: firefox
 Status: install ok installed
 Priority: optional
 Section: web
 Installed-Size: 93339
 Maintainer: Ubuntu Mozilla Team 
 Architecture: amd64
 Version: 35.0+build3-0ubuntu0.14.04.2
 Replaces: kubuntu-firefox-installer
 Provides: gnome-www-browser, iceweasel, www-browser
 Depends: lsb-release, libasound2 (>= 1.0.16), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.4), libc6 (>= 2.17), libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.0.2), libdbus-glib-1-2 (>= 0.78), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.9.0), libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.37.3), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.24.0), libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.22.0), libpangocairo-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0), libstartup-notification0 (>= 0.8), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), libx11-6, libxcomposite1 (>= 1:0.3-1), libxdamage1 (>= 1:1.1), libxext6, libxfixes3, libxrender1, libxt6
 Recommends: xul-ext-ubufox, libcanberra0, libdbusmenu-glib4, libdbusmenu-gtk4
 Suggests: ttf-lyx
 Conffiles:
 /etc/firefox/syspref.js 09e457e65435a1a043521f2bd19cd2a1
 /etc/apport/blacklist.d/firefox ee63264f847e671832d42255912ce144
 /etc/apport/native-origins.d/firefox 7c26b75c7c2b715c89cc6d85338252a4
 /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox f54f7a43361c7ecfa3874abca2f292cf
 Description: Safe and easy web browser from Mozilla
 Firefox delivers safe, easy web browsing. A familiar user interface,
 enhanced security features including protection from online identity theft,
 and integrated search let you get the most out of the web.
 Xul-Appid: {ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384}

如上所见,firefox已经安装了。

同样,你可以使用dpkg-query 命令。这个命令会有一个更好的输出,当然,你可以用通配符。

dpkg-query -l firefox

示例输出:

Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                 Version                 Architecture            Description
+++-====================================-=======================-=======================-=============================================================================
ii  firefox                              35.0+build3-0ubuntu0.14 amd64                   Safe and easy web browser from Mozilla

要列出你系统中安装的所有包,输入下面的命令:

dpkg --get-selections

示例输出:

abiword                        install
abiword-common                    install
accountsservice                    install
acl                        install
adduser                        install
alsa-base                    install
alsa-utils                    install
anacron                        install
app-install-data                install
apparmor                    install
.
.
.
zeitgeist                    install
zeitgeist-core                    install
zeitgeist-datahub                install
zenity                        install
zenity-common                    install
zip                        install
zlib1g:amd64                    install
zlib1g:i386                    install

上面的输出可能会非常长,这依赖于你的系统已安装的包。

你同样可以通过grep来过滤割到更精确的包。比如,我想要使用dpkg命令查看系统中安装的gcc包:

dpkg --get-selections | grep gcc

示例输出:

gcc                        install
gcc-4.8                        install
gcc-4.8-base:amd64                install
gcc-4.8-base:i386                install
gcc-4.9-base:amd64                install
gcc-4.9-base:i386                install
libgcc-4.8-dev:amd64                install
libgcc1:amd64                    install
libgcc1:i386                    install

此外,你可以使用“-L”参数来找出包中文件的位置。

dpkg -L gcc-4.8

示例输出:

/.
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base
/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/README.Bugs
/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/NEWS.html
/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/quadmath
/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/quadmath/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8-base/gcc
.
.
.
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-4.8
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-4.8

就是这样了。希望这篇对你有用。

美好的一天!


via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-check-package-installed-not-ubuntu/

作者:SK 译者:geekpi 校对:wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译,Linux中国 荣誉推出

来源:https://linux.cn/article-5154-1.html

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