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Linux:godoc 技巧与注意事项

意义

文档对于代码的意义不用多说。在golang bolg中已经给出了详细的描述http://blog.golang.org/godoc-documenting-go-code

Linux:godoc 技巧与注意事项
Linux:godoc 技巧与注意事项

我在实战中踩到了不少坑,这里给出更详细的解释以及注意事项。

我们针对golang源码中的注释进行分析得到如下结果。

针对Package的文档

Synopsis

参考http://golang.org/pkg/中的Synopsis。这句话主要出现在针对Package注释中的开头位置。

OverView

参考http://golang.org/pkg/archive/tar/。是针对Package中的注释出现的。如果出现连接,无需标注,生成文档的时候自动会处理成连接

参考例子与注意事项

包: [$GOROOT/src/encoding/json]

文件:encode.go

// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Package json implements encoding and decoding of JSON objects as defined in
// RFC 4627. The mapping between JSON objects and Go values is described
// in the documentation for the Marshal and Unmarshal functions.
//
// See "JSON and Go" for an introduction to this package:
// http://golang.org/doc/articles/json_and_go.html
package json

从注释中可以看出第四行是断开的,从第四行开始到package json都为针对包的注释。

目录中Synopsis出现内容为:Package json implements encoding and decoding of JSON objects as defined in RFC 4627.

参考注意事项:

  1. 在代码的package上面
  2. 在上面不能有空行
  3. 注释不能断开(中间不能有空行)
  4. 最前面一句话会模块的summary会出现在package index中
  5. 第一句话以及之后的内容会出现在OverView中

对比文件:decode.go

// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Represents JSON data structure using native Go types: booleans, floats,
// strings, arrays, and maps.
package json

在package上面有空行,因此只是针对文件的注释不显示在godoc中。

针对Function

例子:

// Marshaler is the interface implemented by objects that
// can marshal themselves into valid JSON.
type Marshaler interface {
	MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)
}

我们可以看到:

  1. 在函数上面进行注释
  2. 中间不能有空行
  3. 开始需要 [空格]FunctionName[空格] Summary
  4. 然后继续说明
  5. 想圈起来说明参数: 加缩进

进阶技巧:

例子同理于:Function Package

// Marshaler is the interface implemented by objects that
/*
can marshal themselves into valid JSON.
*/
type Marshaler interface {
	MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)
}

这样不算断开,写文档的时候就方便多了。

针对BUG

// BUG(src): Mapping between XML elements and data structures is inherently flawed:
// an XML element is an order-dependent collection of anonymous
// values, while a data structure is an order-independent collection
// of named values.
// See package json for a textual representation more suitable
// to data structures.

godoc会先查找:[空格]BUG

然后显示在Package说明文档最下面,例子:http://golang.org/pkg/encoding/xml/

针对Example

  1. 文件名惯用:example_test.go(其他也可以)
  2. 包名: apckage_test
  3. 方法名:
    • OverView中: Example
    • 方法中: Example[FuncName]
    • 方法中+一些模式:Example[FuncName]_[Mod]

例子查看:http://golang.org/pkg/errors/

Example文件(example_test.go):

// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package errors_test
import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)
// MyError is an error implementation that includes a time and message.
type MyError struct {
	When time.Time
	What string
}
func (e MyError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%v: %v", e.When, e.What)
}
func oops() error {
	return MyError{
		time.Date(1989, 3, 15, 22, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC),
		"the file system has gone away",
	}
}
func Example() {
	if err := oops(); err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}
	// Output: 1989-03-15 22:30:00 +0000 UTC: the file system has gone away
}
  1. 注意文件名为:example_test.go
  2. 注意package名为 errors_test
  3. 针对Function的注释会出现在网页的Example中
  4. 如果函数名直接叫Example会直接显示在OverView中

参考文件(errors_test.go):

// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package errors_test
import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"testing"
)
func TestNewEqual(t *testing.T) {
	// Different allocations should not be equal.
	if errors.New("abc") == errors.New("abc") {
		t.Errorf(`New("abc") == New("abc")`)
	}
	if errors.New("abc") == errors.New("xyz") {
		t.Errorf(`New("abc") == New("xyz")`)
	}
	// Same allocation should be equal to itself (not crash).
	err := errors.New("jkl")
	if err != err {
		t.Errorf(`err != err`)
	}
}
func TestErrorMethod(t *testing.T) {
	err := errors.New("abc")
	if err.Error() != "abc" {
		t.Errorf(`New("abc").Error() = %q, want %q`, err.Error(), "abc")
	}
}
func ExampleNew() {
	err := errors.New("emit macho dwarf: elf header corrupted")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Print(err)
	}
	// Output: emit macho dwarf: elf header corrupted
}
// The fmt package's Errorf function lets us use the package's formatting
// features to create descriptive error messages.
func ExampleNew_errorf() {
	const name, id = "bimmler", 17
	err := fmt.Errorf("user %q (id %d) not found", name, id)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Print(err)
	}
	// Output: user "bimmler" (id 17) not found
}
  1. ExampleNew就是针对New的例子
  2. ExampleNew_errorf 给例子加名字详细效果可以查看这里

针对godoc命令

我常用两种方式:

  1. godoc -http=:6060 直接运行网页上的版本,很方便
  2. godoc package [name ...] 在开发的时候文档速查

总结

一般工程中搞定这些基本就够了。详细的还是要动手做一做。

我没搞定的:怎么能显示成Main函数的,并且能跑Goplayground

来源:http://www.philo.top/2015/07/10/golang-doc/

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