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史上最复杂的验证邮件地址的正则表达式

用正则表达式验证邮件地址似乎是一件简单的事情,但是如果要完美的验证一个合规的邮件地址,其实也许很复杂。

史上最复杂的验证邮件地址的正则表达式
史上最复杂的验证邮件地址的正则表达式

邮件地址的规范来自于 RFC 5322 。有一个网站 emailregex.com 专门列出各种编程语言下的验证邮件地址的正则表达式,其中很多正则表达式都是我听说过而从未见过的复杂——我想说,做这个网站的程序员是被邮件验证这件事伤害了多深啊!

其实,在产品环境中,一般来说并不需要这么复杂的正则表达式来做到99.99%正确。一般来说,从执行效率和测试覆盖率来说,只需要一个简单的版本即可:

/^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i

那么下面我们来看看这些更严谨、更复杂的正则表达式吧:

验证邮件地址的通用正则表达式(符合 RFC 5322 标准)

(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx21x23-x5bx5d-x7f]|\[x01-x09x0bx0cx0e-x7f])*")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|[(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?).){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx21-x5ax53-x7f]|\[x01-x09x0bx0cx0e-x7f])+)])

由于各种语言对正则表达式的支持不同、语法差异和覆盖率不同,所以,不同语言里面的正则表达式也不同:

Python

这个是个简单的版本:

r"(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)"

Javascript

这个有点复杂了:

/^[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{'?]+(.[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{'?]+)*@([a-z0-9_][-a-z0-9_]*(.[-a-z0-9_]+)*.(aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|mil|museum|name|net|org|pro|travel|mobi|[a-z][a-z])|([0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}))(:[0-9]{1,5})?$/i

Swift

[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}

PHP

PHP 的这个版本就更复杂了,覆盖率就更大一些:

/^(?!(?:(?:x22?x5C[x00-x7E]x22?)|(?:x22?[^x5Cx22]x22?)){255,})(?!(?:(?:x22?x5C[x00-x7E]x22?)|(?:x22?[^x5Cx22]x22?)){65,}@)(?:(?:[x21x23-x27x2Ax2Bx2Dx2F-x39x3Dx3Fx5E-x7E]+)|(?:x22(?:[x01-x08x0Bx0Cx0E-x1Fx21x23-x5Bx5D-x7F]|(?:x5C[x00-x7F]))*x22))(?:.(?:(?:[x21x23-x27x2Ax2Bx2Dx2F-x39x3Dx3Fx5E-x7E]+)|(?:x22(?:[x01-x08x0Bx0Cx0E-x1Fx21x23-x5Bx5D-x7F]|(?:x5C[x00-x7F]))*x22)))*@(?:(?:(?!.*[^.]{64,})(?:(?:(?:xn--)?[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*.){1,126}){1,}(?:(?:[a-z][a-z0-9]*)|(?:(?:xn--)[a-z0-9]+))(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*)|(?:[(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){7})|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9][:]]){7,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?)))|(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){5}:)|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){5,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3}:)?)))?(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))(?:.(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))){3}))]))$/iD

Perl / Ruby

对与 PHP 的版本,Perl 和 Ruby 表示不服,可以更严谨:

(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)|(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[]00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[]00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:,s*(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)?;s

Perl 5.10 及以后版本

上面的版本,嗯,我可以说是天书吗?反正我是没有解读的想法了。当然,新版本的 Perl 语言还有一个更易读的版本(你是说真的么?) 

/(?(DEFINE)
(?
(?&mailbox) | (?&group)) (? (?&name_addr) | (?&addr_spec)) (? (?&display_name)? (?&angle_addr)) (? (?&CFWS)? < (?&addr_spec) > (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&display_name) : (?:(?&mailbox_list) | (?&CFWS))? ; (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&phrase)) (? (?&mailbox) (?: , (?&mailbox))*) (? (?&local_part) @ (?&domain)) (? (?&dot_atom) | (?"ed_string)) (? (?&dot_atom) | (?&domain_literal)) (? (?&CFWS)? [ (?: (?&FWS)? (?&dcontent))* (?&FWS)? ] (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&dtext) | (?"ed_pair)) (? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [x21-x5ax5e-x7e]) (? (?&ALPHA) | (?&DIGIT) | [!#$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~]) (? (?&CFWS)? (?&atext)+ (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&CFWS)? (?&dot_atom_text) (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&atext)+ (?: . (?&atext)+)*) (? [x01-x09x0bx0cx0e-x7f]) (? \ (?&text)) (? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [x21x23-x5bx5d-x7e]) (? (?&qtext) | (?"ed_pair)) (? (?&CFWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?:(?&FWS)? (?&qcontent))* (?&FWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&atom) | (?"ed_string)) (? (?&word)+) # Folding white space (? (?: (?&WSP)* (?&CRLF))? (?&WSP)+) (? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [x21-x27x2a-x5bx5d-x7e]) (? (?&ctext) | (?"ed_pair) | (?&comment)) (? ( (?: (?&FWS)? (?&ccontent))* (?&FWS)? ) ) (? (?: (?&FWS)? (?&comment))* (?: (?:(?&FWS)? (?&comment)) | (?&FWS))) # No whitespace control (? [x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx7f]) (? [A-Za-z]) (? [0-9]) (? x0d x0a) (? ") (? [x20x09]) ) (?&address)/x

Ruby (简单版)

Ruby 表示,其实人家还有个简单版本:

/A([w+-].?)+@[a-zd-]+(.[a-z]+)*.[a-z]+z/i

.NET

这样的版本谁没有啊——.NET 说:

^w+([-+.']w+)*@w+([-.]w+)*.w+([-.]w+)*$

grep 命令

用 grep 命令在文件中查找邮件地址,我想你不会写个若干行的正则表达式吧,意思一下就行了:

$ grep -E -o "b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+.[A-Za-z]{2,6}b" filename.txt

SQL Server 

在 SQL Server 中也是可以用正则表达式的,不过这个代码片段应该是来自某个产品环境中的,所以,还体贴的照顾了那些把邮件地址写错的人:

 select email
 from table_name where
 patindex ('%[ &'',":;!+=/()<>]%', email) > 0 -- Invalid characters
 or patindex ('[@.-_]%', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be starting character
 or patindex ('%[@.-_]', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be ending character
 or email not like '%@%.%' -- Must contain at least one @ and one .
 or email like '%..%' -- Cannot have two periods in a row
 or email like '%@%@%' -- Cannot have two @ anywhere
 or email like '%.@%' or email like '%@.%' -- Cannot have @ and . next to each other
 or email like '%.cm' or email like '%.co' -- Camaroon or Colombia? Typos.
 or email like '%.or' or email like '%.ne' -- Missing last letter

Oracle PL/SQL

这个是不是有点偷懒?尤其是在那些“复杂”的正则表达式之后:

SELECT email
FROM table_name
WHERE REGEXP_LIKE (email, '[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9._%-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}');

MySQL

好吧,看来最后也一样懒:

SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `email` NOT REGEXP '^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}$';

那么,你有没有关于验证邮件地址的正则表达式分享给大家?

 

来源:https://linux.cn/article-5963-1.html

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